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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed class of medications for treating major depressive disorder. They work by increasing the level of serotonin in the brain, which is believed to have a positive effect on mood, emotion, and anxiety. SSRIs are preferred due to their effectiveness, relatively favorable side effect profile, and extensive clinical use, making them first-line treatments for major depressive disorder.

This class of medications tends to have fewer side effects compared to some other classes, which contributes to better patient adherence. SSRIs also have a well-established efficacy in clinical trials, making them a reliable option for managing depression. In addition to their use in depression, SSRIs are also indicated for various anxiety disorders and other mood disorders, showcasing their versatility.

While other classes of medications can be used to treat major depressive disorder, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, they are less commonly used due to dietary restrictions and potential side effects. Antipsychotics and stimulants are generally not considered first-line treatments for major depression but may play a role in particular situations, such as treatment-resistant cases or specific symptom management. Thus, SSRIs remain the standard choice for effectively managing major depressive disorder.